Trade name: octanol

Latest price (August 26): 6966.67 yuan / ton

On August 26, the factory price of octanol in Shandong Province dropped slightly, which was 33.33 yuan / ton or 0.48% lower than that on August 24. The upstream raw material market price fluctuated slightly, affected by the supply and demand side, which had a negative impact on the octanol price. The downstream DOP market is stable and the downstream customers are generally enthusiastic about octanol purchasing.

Recently, the factory price of octanol in Shandong Province has fluctuated slightly: the manufacturer’s quotation is about 6900 yuan / ton.

Last week, the domestic liquid ammonia market remained stable in most regions, and the prices in some regions fluctuated upward. The prices in Shandong, the main production area, rose slightly, and Hebei followed the Shandong market. According to the monitoring of the business agency, in Shandong Province, the rising range of liquid ammonia was about 100 yuan / ton in the week of 17th, and the mainstream market quotation was 2800-3000 yuan / ton.

The liquid ammonia in Shandong has been rising in a narrow range for two consecutive weeks. The main reasons are that the large plants are still in the maintenance period. The amount of liquid ammonia is generally used by itself, and a small amount of it is mainly exported. The pressure on manufacturers’ inventory is not great. The quotation of enterprises has also continued to rise, with an increase of more than 300 yuan / ton for two consecutive weeks. At the beginning of this week, the installation facilities of factories have been started successively and returned to normal. The manufacturers mainly suspend export sales, and they will maintain a relatively high level in the near future.

In other regions, the price of liquid ammonia in Hebei also rebounded, with a range of 50-100 yuan / ton. At present, the price has returned to the level in early July. At present, the Cangzhou unit of a plant in Hebei still produces a small amount of liquid ammonia, so the pressure is not big. The amount of liquid ammonia in the region basically maintains a balance between supply and demand, and the current price is 2850-3000 yuan / ton.

In the future, the business agency believes that the price of liquid ammonia is mostly stable near the end of the month, and some of them are rising slightly. It is expected that the domestic liquid ammonia market will consolidate at a high level in the near future, and the trend of various regions will be differentiated to some extent. In the short term, due to the maintenance of some units, the partial supply imbalance may be caused. However, in the late stage of plant resumption in Shandong, the ammonia quantity will be accumulated step by step, and the price may be subject to certain restrictions 。 From the demand side, the downstream procurement is moderate. Although urea has winter storage, the current social inventory is still high and the price support is limited. In terms of the downstream fertilizer market, affected by the overseas epidemic situation, the reduction of export supply is still driven by domestic rigid demand. Therefore, affected by both supply and demand factors, the price of liquid ammonia is expected to be stable in the near future.

1、 Price trend

The comprehensive price of potassium chloride rose slightly this week. This week, the average price of the mainstream comprehensive quotation of potassium chloride rose from 1850.00 yuan / ton at the beginning of the week to 1855.00 yuan / ton at the end of the week, with an increase of 0.27%, and a decrease of 18.10% compared with the same period of last year. Overall, the market of potassium chloride rose slightly this week, and the commodity index of potassium chloride on August 21 was 58.89.

2、 Market analysis

This week, the mainstream manufacturers’ quotation of potassium chloride rose slightly: the factory price of Qinghai Salt Lake potassium chloride at the weekend was 1830 yuan / ton, which was 10 yuan / ton higher than that at the beginning of the week; the marketing quotation of Anhui Badou potassium chloride at the weekend was 1880 yuan / ton, which was temporarily stable compared with the beginning of the week. The actual turnover of potassium chloride market this week is not good. Overall, the main contradiction in the market is that supply exceeds demand, the trading atmosphere is cold, the downstream procurement is mainly on demand, the overall inventory is low, the purchasing market momentum is low, and the domestic potassium chloride market is stable.

3、 Future forecast

In late August, the overall trend of potassium chloride market or low consolidation. The market of potassium chloride is facing the pressure of three mountains, namely, the large stock in Hong Kong, the weak demand and the downward trend of international prices. Therefore, the main contradiction in the current market is that supply exceeds demand. Potassium chloride analysts of the business club believe that the short-term potassium chloride market is mainly low consolidation under the influence of supply and demand and raw materials.

Data show that the natural rubber commodity index on August 20 was 32.90, unchanged with yesterday, down 67.10% from the cycle’s highest point of 100.00 (2011-09-01), and 20.60% higher than the lowest point of 27.28 on April 02, 2020. (Note: period refers to 2011-09-01 to now)

According to the data of natural rubber (standard 1) in East China monitored by the business agency, the mainstream quotation of Baodao whole milk market was about 10860 yuan / ton on August 1, and 11095 yuan / ton on the 20th, with an increase of 2.16% in half a month. Among them, the highest mainstream quotation on the 7th of this month is 11132 yuan / ton, the lowest is 10822 yuan / ton in three days, and the maximum amplitude is 2.86%. As can be seen from the above figure, since the beginning of July 10089 yuan / ton, the natural rubber market has been fluctuating upward. As of the 20th, 11095 yuan / ton, the upward range has reached 10.34%.

major factor

The new glue is delayed and the spot glue is in short supply. In 2020, the global special situation and weather caused the opening time of Southeast Asian production area to be delayed, and the output of raw materials was slow. The main production area of natural rubber is now in the supply growth period. However, it is reported that the weather conditions in Southeast Asia are not suck. After the drought, it has entered the rainy season, and some areas have been affected by typhoons, which restricts rubber output. However, it is expected that the overall increment of supply side in the third and fourth quarters is limited. In contrast, in Hainan and Yunnan production areas, tapping has been delayed again and again this year, with drought and pest damage. The rubber output is low. At present, due to the influence of rainy season, the amount of new rubber is seriously affected. According to the local traders, the rubber storehouses in Kunming and Banna of Yunnan Province are empty, and the situation of shortage of goods continues.

The import volume increased year on year, and the mixed rubber increased greatly. According to the data released by the General Administration of Customs on August 7, 2020, China’s imports of natural and synthetic rubber (including latex) totaled 677000 tons, an increase of 22% over the same period last year; from January to July 2020, China’s imports of natural and synthetic rubber (including latex) totaled 3.809 million tons, an increase of 5% compared with 3.628 million tons in the same period of 2019. From the data of the first half of the year, China’s imports of natural and synthetic rubber (including latex) totaled 3.313 million tons from January to June 2020, an increase of 1.9% over the same period. From the recent statistical data, natural rubber imports continued to increase in the second and third quarter, while from the perspective of imported varieties, standard rubber fell year-on-year, and mixed rubber increased significantly year-on-year. Among them, the data shows that Vietnam’s export of mixed rubber in the first half of the year increased by 1.4%, while the export volume of Thailand in the first half year decreased year on year: 477300 tons of standard rubber, down 33.83%, 906400 tons of mixed rubber, a 50.64% increase year-on-year; in general, China’s imports of mixed rubber in the first half of the year increased by 17.5%, while the import of standard rubber was only 575100 tons, a year-on-year decrease of 21.05%.

The inventory of imported rubber is high while that of domestic rubber is very low. It is reported that China’s ports such as Qingdao, Shanghai and other ports continue to increase the number of imported rubber, and the stock of spot import warehouses is constantly increasing. However, there is not much local rubber inventory in Hainan and Yunnan, and the domestic rubber supply continues to be tight. It is reported that the local complaints of Kunming and Banna are basically empty. As of August 21, warehouse receipts and futures inventories of the exchange were 248180 tons and 226130 tons respectively, an increase of 10548 tons and a decrease of 220 tons compared with last week. It is reported that the dominant inventory of Qingdao and Shanghai ports and the hidden inventory of production and marketing areas are about 1.1 million tons. It is estimated that the stock of natural rubber in China will reach about 1.5 million tons. The inventory of natural rubber in East China is still high. High port inventory and low Warehouse Receipt Inventory coexist this month.

The operating rate continued to rise slightly. According to the data, as of the week of August 13, the operating rate of all steel tire enterprises was 72.80%, which was flat on a month on month basis, with a year-on-year increase of 26.33%; the operating rate of semi steel tire enterprises was 66.27%, up 1.17% month on month and 3.49% year on year. In the third quarter, the industry situation improved to a certain extent, and the demand continued to recover; the overseas epidemic situation remained grim. According to the semi annual report of 2020, all eight foreign tire giant enterprises lost money. At present, China’s tire export situation is still not optimistic, and the uncertainty in the later stage is still large.

Downstream demand is gradually warming. On August 11, the China Automobile Industry Association held an information conference to officially announce the latest production and sales data of China’s automobile market in July 2020. According to the data, in July, the automobile production and sales continued the warming trend since the second quarter. In that month, China’s automobile production and sales reached 2.201 million and 2.12 million, respectively, with a year-on-year growth of 21.9% and 16.4% respectively. The contribution of commercial vehicles to the growth of the overall automobile market is still very obvious under the strong pull of trucks. According to the first commercial vehicle network data, in July 2020, China’s heavy truck market is expected to sell more than 140000 vehicles of various types, down 16% month on month and up 89% year-on-year. From January to July, the cumulative sales of heavy truck market were about 959200, with a year-on-year increase of 31%. Several groups of data show that the automobile industry has gradually warmed up since the third quarter, and the downstream demand for natural rubber has continued to grow. Although the speed is relatively slow, the golden age, silver and ten are coming, and there are still strong expectations in the industry for the peak season of downstream demand.

Industry hot spots

Thailand rubber price protection plan: according to Thailand’s news on August 18, the Thai cabinet on Tuesday approved the second phase rubber price guarantee plan dedicated to 2019-20, with a total expenditure of 2.4 billion baht. It is expected that the rubber price guarantee scheme will be opened from now to some time in November, and the guaranteed price of film is up to THB 60 per kg. The state owned Bank of agriculture and agricultural cooperatives (BAAC) will handle the price guarantee program. In October 2019, the Thai government approved the first phase of the rubber price guarantee plan, with a budget of 24.3 billion baht, benefiting 1.7 million rubber farmers and covering 17 million Lai rubber plantations. The second phase of the comprehensive rubber price protection measures in Thailand has benefited 1.8 million rubber farmers. The Thai cabinet approved 24 billion rubber comprehensive price protection measures. The first phase lasted for six months.

Future forecast

According to the analysis of the business agency, the unique local difference of inventory in 2020 is still continuing, and the shortage of domestic rubber is still severe. Without the release of the local index glue in Yunnan, the inventory will be basically emptied, and the imported rubber in Qingdao, Shanghai and other places will continue to increase, and the warehouse receipt inventory will increase significantly. It is rainy season in Southeast Asian rubber producing countries, and the new rubber output is limited. The delayed new rubber production will continue to be delayed. It is expected that the overall output will be reduced in 2020. From the downstream situation, the continuous rise in the operating rate of tire enterprises and the year-on-year increase of automobile sales volume show that the current demand is constantly improving; although the inventory in the north is still high, the industry still gives good expectations for the peak consumption season of Jinjiu Yinshi. From the trend of Tianjiao in recent two months, the trend of Chonggao is strong. In the process of repeated shocks, it still shows the trend of insufficient aftereffect from time to time. Maintain the view that the future market of natural rubber fluctuates repeatedly, until a large number of new gum is listed on the market, which has a great impact on the price, but the high range will not be very large in the short term.

Yesterday, the domestic methanol market weakened, and some manufacturers lowered their ex factory quotations by about 20-50 yuan / ton. On August 18, the closing price of methanol in Asia, Europe and the United States was flat compared with yesterday, and the international market was relatively stable. The unit operating rate of production enterprises in the northwest main production area is maintained at 60-80%, and the shipment situation is acceptable, and some enterprises plan to overhaul their devices. On the downstream side, the formaldehyde market was mainly stable, the dimethyl ether Market was rising, and the acetic acid market was weak. The fluctuation of downstream product market is not obvious. Business agency methanol analysts predict that the domestic methanol market is mainly sorted out today.

Summary of methanol market prices in different regions yesterday:

Regional price

1160-1250 yuan / ton in Qinghai

1390-1400 yuan / ton in Shanxi

1600-1650 yuan / ton in Liaoning

1700-1720 yuan / ton tank in Fujian

RMB 1605-1620 / t spot exchange in Lianghu area

Anhui Province 1610 yuan / ton delivery acceptance

Henan Province 1450-1470 yuan / ton

1、 Price trend

According to the business club’s big list data, the price of pure benzene continued to rise this week, boosted by multiple positive. On August 9, the listed price of pure benzene was 3330-3450 yuan / ton (average price was 3440 yuan / ton); on Sunday (August 16), the listed price of pure benzene was 3200-3400 yuan / ton (average price was 3360 yuan / ton), and the average price was 80 yuan / ton or 2.33% lower than last week.

2、 Analysis and comment

This week, some downstream units of pure benzene were overhauled in the north, and the supply of goods was sent to East China, and the downstream price reduction intention was obvious. External market weakness, coupled with Sinopec North China listing price down to 3300 yuan / ton, the bottom support weakened, this week pure benzene fell significantly. This week, pure benzene port inventory rose slightly, still waiting for unloading, inventory high.

On the external side, the external market continued to weaken this week. On Friday (August 14), the import of pure benzene from South Korea was US $429.33/t, down by US $7 / T, or 1.6%, compared with August 7; and that of East China was 440 US dollars / ton, down 5 US dollars / ton, or 1.12% compared with August 7.

In terms of crude oil, crude oil rose at the beginning of this week. However, in the second half of the week, major institutions have successively lowered their forecasts for global crude oil demand this year, dragging down oil prices. Compared with August 7, Brent was up $0.255/barrel, or 0.58%, and WTI was up $0.82/barrel, or 1.98%. Compared with December 31, 2019, Brent decreased by 33.33%, and WTI decreased by 30.38%.

Downstream, styrene weak decline this week, operating rate than the previous week has decreased. On August 14, the price of styrene in Shandong was 5250 yuan / ton, down 116.67 yuan / ton or 2.17% from last week.

At present, aniline is in a loss state, and enterprises may reduce the negative insured price. On August 14, the price of aniline in Shandong was 4200-4330 yuan / ton, and that in Nanjing was 4300-4500 yuan / ton, which was stable this week.

3、 Future forecast

In terms of crude oil, the three major institutions have lowered their oil demand forecasts for this year, oil producing countries will increase crude oil supply in August, and the market is worried that public health events will continue to affect crude oil demand, and the oil price will continue to fluctuate in the short term.

Crude oil and external market trend downward, downstream price downward intention is obvious, port inventory high, bottom support weakened, is expected to continue to decline next week.

1、 Price trend:

According to the monitoring data of the business agency, the price of caustic soda was mainly weak and stable this week. The average price in Shandong market from the beginning of the week to the end of the week was 475 yuan / ton, down 32.62% in the same period last year. On August 16, the commodity index of caustic soda was 68.35, which was the same as yesterday, decreased by 66.96% from 206.87 (2017-11-14), and 1.06% higher than the lowest point of 67.63 on May 10, 2020. (Note: period refers to 2011-09-01 to now)

2、 Market analysis

The price of domestic liquid caustic soda is basically stable, the awareness of price rising in upstream is strong, the demand of downstream is weak, and the rise is weak. At present, the price of 32% ion-exchange membrane caustic soda is weak in Shandong Province. The mainstream ex factory price of 32% caustic soda is 410-510 yuan / ton. The price pressure of domestic liquid caustic soda is large, the downstream demand is weak, and the supply of caustic soda is sufficient. It is expected that the price of caustic soda in Shandong will be weak in the future. The caustic soda in Inner Mongolia is in stable operation temporarily, and the mainstream quotation is about 1500-1600 yuan / T (100%). The market transaction atmosphere is not good, the downstream needs to purchase on demand, the transaction is general, and the enterprise mainly delivers goods. It is expected that the consolidation and operation of Inner Mongolia will be the main trend in the near future. The caustic soda in Hebei Province has been running steadily for a while, with the mainstream quotation of 470-580 yuan / T. the market atmosphere is not good. The downstream needs to purchase on demand, and the transaction is general, and the enterprise mainly delivers goods. It is expected that the stable operation of Hebei region will be the main trend in the near future. The caustic soda in Henan Province is in stable operation temporarily, and the mainstream quotation is 1500-1600 yuan / T (100 yuan). The market transaction atmosphere is not good. The downstream needs to purchase according to demand, and the transaction is general. The enterprise mainly delivers the goods. It is expected that the stable operation of Henan Province will be the main trend in the near future.

This week, the overall performance of domestic main production areas of liquid chlorine is weak, the current market transaction situation is still not optimistic. The mainstream turnover of Shandong liquid chlorine tanker is 400-550 yuan / ton, and the actual transaction tends to the low end.

Demand: from the downstream point of view, due to the recent fall in the price of alumina and poor demand for terminal electrolytic aluminum, some alumina production plans have been made. 75% and 40% of other papermaking and printing and dyeing were started. There is no sign of an improvement in demand. The imbalance between supply and demand continues.

According to the price monitoring of the business agency, in the 32nd week (8.10-8.14) of 2020, there are 1 kind of commodity rising and 2 kinds of falling commodity in the price rising and falling list of chlor alkali industry, and 2 kinds of commodities with the rise and fall of 0. The main commodities that rose were calcium carbide (0.37%); the main commodities that fell were hydrochloric acid (- 1.47%) and PVC (- 0.77%). This week, the average rise and fall was – 0.37%.

According to the analysts of business agency, the price of domestic liquid caustic soda is basically stable, which coincides with the off-season demand for caustic soda, and the price is mainly rigid. The weakening of downstream demand leads to price weakening. Shandong’s performance was stable, and caustic soda inventory continued to increase. The price of alumina has fallen again recently, and the demand for terminal electrolytic aluminum is not good, and some alumina production plans are planned. 75% and 40% of other papermaking and printing and dyeing were started. There is no sign of an improvement in demand. Generally speaking, the downstream demand can’t pull the price of caustic soda better for the time being. The price of caustic soda is mainly operated in a short-term or weak stable way, and the downstream market demand is the specific factor.

According to the data monitored by the business agency, today’s market comprehensive price is 13800 yuan / ton. The domestic PC market is stable and rising, the price is running at a high level, the demand is rising, the inventory is not under pressure, and the shipment is smooth at present.

The price of domestic PC market rose this week, which was 1.47% higher than that of the same period last week. The companies were cautious in trading and purchased on demand. East China’s price was 13200-15050 yuan / ton, middle and high-end was 14900-16000 yuan / ton. As of August 14, the latest price of Shanghai mitsubishi was 15700 yuan / ton, Luxi Chemical was 13500 yuan / ton, and Lihua yiweiyuan was 13500 yuan / ton. Be cautious in trading.

The upstream bisphenol A is running at a high level with a positive trading atmosphere. Most of them are purchased on demand with sufficient supply. The reference range is around 10050-10100 yuan / ton, and the transaction is average.

On August 13, the rubber and plastic index was 617 points, down 1 point compared with yesterday, 41.79% lower than 1060 (2012-03-14), and 16.86% higher than the lowest point of 528 on April 06, 2020. (Note: period refers to 2011-12-01 to now)

Business agency PC analysts believe: the PC market is expected to narrow in the short term. (the above prices are provided by major PC manufacturers all over the country and analyzed by business PC analysts for reference only. Please contact relevant manufacturers for more price details.)

In the first week of August, the strong situation of DME market completely disappeared, and it entered the downward channel again. According to the data monitoring of business agency, the average price of dimethyl ether in Henan market on August 1 was 2366.67 yuan / ton, and that on August 7 was 2243.33 yuan / ton, down 5.21% on the 7th, up 2.28% from July 1.

Regional varieties and specifications up and down compared with the previous day

Mass fraction of dimethyl ether in Henan Province: ≥ 99.0% – 30 / – 30 – 2170-2270 yuan / ton

Mass fraction of dimethyl ether in Hebei Province: ≥ 99.0% 0.2325 yuan / ton

Mass fraction of dimethyl ether in Shandong area: ≥ 99.0% 0.2200 yuan / T

From January 1 to 7, the DME market as a whole fell in a weak position, with a general trading atmosphere. August is still hot, the weather temperature is high, terminal demand is weak, downstream resistance to high prices, mentality is more cautious, enthusiasm for entering the market has not improved. At the beginning of the week, the focus of DME production in Henan Province shifted downward, and most enterprises reduced their prices. Nevertheless, the atmosphere of downstream market entry was still not active, manufacturers’ shipment was blocked, and inventory gradually accumulated. Other regions, affected by pessimism, followed the decline mainly, but the decline was less than that of the main production areas.

At present, the domestic DME operating rate is about 11%, slightly higher than last week. On August 3, the civil gas market mainly fell, with limited support for the market. The downstream purchase enthusiasm is general, the market transaction atmosphere is light. In order to promote the shipment, xinlianxin and Yima in Henan Province lowered the price twice, but the effect was not obvious. The pressure on manufacturers to ship goods was still great, and the inventory was accumulated. On August 6, some enterprises in Henan Province lowered their prices twice again, while others followed suit. Limited market price, good.

Due to the excessive rise in early July, the downstream still has resistance to the current high price, and the resistance of manufacturers to shipment increases, and the inventory increases slightly. At present, the cost of methanol finishing operation, the trading atmosphere is general, the quotation of main enterprises in Henan rises narrowly, the offer of other enterprises is stable, and the support to dimethyl ether Market is limited. The rise in international crude oil prices has boosted the market mentality. The overall strength of the LPG civil market has brought certain benefits to the market. It is expected that in the short term, the DME market may follow the trend of LPG, and will be mainly strong.

Since August, the price trend of domestic rare earth market has continued to rise. The price of domestic light rare earth praseodymium and neodymium series has increased greatly. The price of holmium and terbium in medium and heavy rare earth market has been rising. According to the rare earth plate index of business society, the rare earth index on August 6 was 353 points, 3 points higher than yesterday, and 64.7 points lower than the highest point of 1000 points in the cycle (2011-12-06) 0%, up 30.26% from 271, the lowest point on September 13, 2015. (Note: period refers to 2011-12-01 to now).

As of the end of the week, the price of praseodymium and neodymium oxide in China was 318500 yuan / ton, up 7.42% from 296500 yuan / ton at the beginning of the week; the price of praseodymium and neodymium alloy was 398500 yuan / ton, 5.98% higher than 376000 yuan / ton at the beginning of the week; the price of neodymium oxide was 336500 yuan / ton, 6.83% higher than that of 315000 yuan / ton at the beginning of the week; the price of metal neodymium was 417500 yuan / ton, 4.38% higher than that of 400000 yuan / ton at the beginning of the week The market price of light rare earth has risen sharply.

In recent years, the price of PR and nd Series in domestic light rare earth has continued to rise. At present, the industry is full of confidence in the promotion of national rare earth storage, and the willingness of large factories to store up goods is stronger, which will continue to promote the price of medium and heavy rare earth. It is worth mentioning that at present, the price of light rare earth is also supported by the expected warming of light rare earth included in the scope of collection and storage. On the other hand, in recent years, downstream inquiries have increased, major light rare earth manufacturers are reluctant to sell, downstream feel the change of market sentiment, and speed up the inquiry and procurement cycle. In August, the prices of rare earths in the domestic market have been rising, and the prices of light rare earth manufacturers have been rising.

This week, the price trend of domestic legitimate family rose slightly. As of the end of the week, the price of dysprosium oxide was 1.865 million yuan / ton, which was 0.54% higher this week. The price of dysprosium ferroalloy was 1.84 million yuan / ton. In the domestic rare earth collection and storage plan, the proportion of medium and heavy rare earth in the annual output was relatively large, which was expected to have a great impact on the supply and demand and price of medium and heavy rare earth. In addition, Myanmar’s customs clearance is still on the domestic import and supply of medium and heavy rare earth As a result, the price of some medium and heavy rare earths has also been pushed up by changes in fundamentals. For example, the supply of terbium is relatively tight this year, and the manufacturers’ production is not continuous. The price of terbium oxide and metal terbium has reached the high level of nearly seven years. Recently, the stock market has improved, and the domestic market price of medium and heavy rare earth has increased slightly.

The Ministry of industry and information technology issued the notice on the docking and implementation of preferential policies for rare earth industry. According to the notice, the rare earth office entrusted China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association and China Rare Earth Industry Association to sort out and summarize the policy documents suitable for the application of rare earth enterprises, and formed a collection of supporting policies for the resumption of work and production of rare earth industry. Favorable policies support the development of rare earth industry. Meanwhile, Sino US relations are tense. Key products of rare earth trade between China and the United States are of great significance. The national policy is conducive to the balance of supply and demand in the rare earth industry. Recently, the supply of rare earth market is normal, and the demand has improved, and the domestic rare earth market is rising.

In recent years, domestic demand for rare earth has increased compared with that before. In addition, dysprosium oxide and terbium oxide account for 52% and 190% of the output in 2019 respectively in the remaining amount of rare earth reserves in the 13th Five Year Plan period. Once the purchase and storage are carried out as scheduled, the domestic rare earth market price may continue to rise.